Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Description
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. It often follows a viral or bacterial infection like Campylobacter jejuni, the flu, or COVID-19. Symptoms start with tingling and weakness in the legs, which can progress to the arms and upper body, eventually leading to full-body paralysis in severe cases. Some patients experience breathing difficulties, irregular heartbeats, and loss of reflexes. Diagnosis includes nerve conduction studies, lumbar puncture, and electromyography (EMG). Treatment involves plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to slow immune attack. Most people recover, but some may have long-term nerve damage.