Diabetes Mellitus
Description
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. This condition arises either due to insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or the body's cells becoming resistant to insulin. There are two primary types of diabetes: Type 1, which is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells, and Type 2, which is more common and often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and inactivity. Both types require careful management through diet, exercise, medication, and in some cases, insulin therapy to prevent complications like heart disease, nerve damage, and kidney failure. Diabetes can affect nearly every organ in the body. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, leading to cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke. Diabetic neuropathy, or nerve damage, is another common complication, often affecting the legs and feet and sometimes leading to amputation if not managed properly. Additionally, diabetes can impair vision through diabetic retinopathy, and it can also affect kidney function, potentially leading to end-stage renal disease. Effective management of diabetes involves a multidisciplinary approach. Patients need to work closely with healthcare providers to monitor blood sugar levels regularly and adjust treatment plans as needed. Education on self-care practices, including proper nutrition and physical activity, is crucial. Innovations in diabetes care, such as continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, have significantly improved quality of life for many individuals living with diabetes.