Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Description
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses conditions like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It's primarily caused by long-term exposure to lung irritants, notably cigarette smoke, but also environmental pollutants. Symptoms include breathlessness, chronic cough, frequent respiratory infections, and wheezing. COPD develops slowly, with damage often accumulating over years before significant symptoms appear. Management involves quitting smoking, bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy in severe cases, and sometimes surgery. Lifestyle changes and vaccinations help manage symptoms and prevent exacerbations. There's no cure, but treatment can significantly improve quality of life.