Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)
Description
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis) is a rare autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis). The condition primarily affects the kidneys, lungs, and upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as sinusitis, coughing, shortness of breath, blood in the urine, and kidney failure. The exact cause of GPA is not known, but it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response where the body attacks its blood vessels. Treatment typically involves immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to improving outcomes and preventing severe complications.