Sickle Cell Anemia
Description
Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited form of anemia caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to abnormally shaped red blood cells. These sickle-shaped cells can block blood flow, causing pain, organ damage, and increased risk of infections. Symptoms include anemia (shortness of breath, fatigue), episodes of pain known as crises, delayed growth, and increased susceptibility to infections. The condition is more prevalent in people of African descent due to a genetic advantage against malaria in heterozygous carriers. Management includes pain relief, hydration, antibiotics to prevent infection, and blood transfusions. Hydroxyurea can help reduce the frequency of painful crises. Genetic counseling is important for family planning.