Epilepsy
Description
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It can be caused by genetic factors, brain injuries, infections, strokes, or developmental disorders. Seizures can vary in severity and type, including: Focal seizures – Affecting one part of the brain, leading to localized symptoms like twitching or altered consciousness, generalized seizures – Involving both brain hemispheres, causing convulsions, loss of consciousness, or absence episodes. Symptoms include sudden jerking movements, loss of awareness, confusion, and uncontrollable shaking. In some cases, people experience an "aura" (a warning sensation) before a seizure. Diagnosis involves EEG (electroencephalogram) and brain imaging (MRI or CT scan). Treatment includes antiseizure medications, dietary therapy (ketogenic diet), nerve stimulation, or surgery in severe cases. While epilepsy has no cure, proper management allows most individuals to lead normal lives.