Endocarditis
Description
Endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the heart’s inner lining (endocardium), usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and attaching to the heart valves. It is more common in people with heart valve defects, artificial valves, or a history of heart surgery. Symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, night sweats, and small red or purple spots on the skin or nails. If untreated, it can lead to heart failure, embolism (blockage of blood vessels), or organ damage. Diagnosis is made using blood cultures, echocardiography, and imaging tests. Treatment includes intravenous antibiotics for several weeks, and in severe cases, heart valve surgery may be required. Prevention involves maintaining good dental hygiene and avoiding procedures that increase infection risk.